Programming in C - index

  1. Introduction
  2. Some Fundamentals
    1. Programming
    2. Higher-Level Languages
    3. Operating Systems
    4. Compiling Programs
    5. Integrated Development Environments
    6. Language Interpreters
  3. Compiling and Running Your First Program
    1. Compiling Your Program
    2. Running Your Program
    3. Understanding Your First Program
    4. Displaying the Values of Variables
    5. Comments
    6. Exercises
  4. Variables, Data Types, and Arithmetic Expressions
    1. Working with Variables
    2. Understanding Data Types and Constants
      1. The Basic Integer Type int
      2. The Floating Number Type float
      3. The Extended Precision Type double
      4. The Single Character Type char
      5. The Boolean Data Type _Bool
      6. long, long long, short, unsigned, and signed
    3. Working with Arithmetic Expressions
      1. Integer Arithmetic and the Unary Minus
      2. Operator
      3. The Modulus Operator
      4. Integer and Floating-Point Conversions
      5. The Assignment Operators
      6. Types _Complex and _Imaginary
      7. Exercises
  5. Program Looping
    1. The for Statement
      1. Relational Operators
      2. Aligning Output
      3. Program Input
      4. Nested for Loops
      5. for Loop Variants
    2. The while Statement
    3. The do Statement
      1. The break Statement
      2. The continue Statement
    4. Exercises
  6. Making Decisions
    1. The if Statement
      1. The if-else Construct
      2. Compound Relational Tests
      3. Nested if Statements
      4. The else if Construct
    2. The switch Statement
    3. Boolean Variables
    4. The Conditional Operator
    5. Exercises
  7. Working with Arrays
    1. Defining an Array
      1. Using Array Elements as Counters
      2. Generating Fibonacci Numbers
      3. Using an Array to Generate Prime Numbers
    2. Initializing Arrays
    3. Character Arrays
      1. Base Conversion Using Arrays
      2. The const Qualifier
    4. Multidimensional Arrays
    5. Variable-Length Arrays
    6. Exercises
  8. Working with Functions
    1. Defining a Function
    2. Arguments and Local Variables
      1. Function Prototype Declaration
      2. Automatic Local Variables
    3. Returning Function Results
    4. Functions Calling Functions Calling...
      1. Declaring Return Types and Argument Types
      2. Checking Function Arguments
    5. Top-Down Programming
    6. Functions and Arrays
      1. Assignment Operators
      2. Sorting Arrays
      3. Multidimensional Arrays
    7. Global Variables
    8. Automatic and Static Variables
    9. Recursive Functions
    10. Exercises
  9. Working with Structures
    1. A Structure for Storing the Date
      1. Using Structures in Expressions
    2. Functions and Structures
      1. A Structure for Storing the Time
    3. Initializing Structures
      1. Compound Literals
    4. Arrays of Structures
    5. Structures Containing Structures
    6. Structures Containing Arrays
    7. Structure Variants
    8. Exercises
  10. Character Strings
    1. Arrays of Characters
    2. Variable-Length Character Strings
      1. Initializing and Displaying Character Strings
      2. Testing Two Character Strings for Equality
      3. Inputting Character Strings
      4. Single-Character Input
      5. The Null String
    3. Escape Characters
    4. More on Constant Strings
    5. Character Strings, Structures, and Arrays
      1. A Better Search Method
    6. Character Operations
    7. Exercises
  11. Pointers
    1. Defining a Pointer Variable
    2. Using Pointers in Expressions
    3. Working with Pointers and Structures
      1. Structures Containing Pointers
      2. Linked Lists
    4. The Keyword const and Pointers
    5. Pointers and Functions
    6. Pointers and Arrays
      1. A Slight Digression About Program Optimization
      2. Is It an Array or Is It a Pointer
      3. Pointers to Character Strings
      4. Constant Character Strings and Pointers
      5. The Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited
    7. Operations on Pointers
    8. Pointers to Functions
    9. Pointers and Memory Addresses
    10. Exercises
  12. Operations on Bits
    1. Bit Operators
      1. The Bitwise AND Operator
      2. The Bitwise Inclusive-OR Operator
      3. The Bitwise Exclusive-OR Operator
      4. The Ones Complement Operator
      5. The Left Shift Operator
      6. The Right Shift Operator
      7. A Shift Function
      8. Rotating Bits
    2. Bit Fields
    3. Exercises
  13. The Preprocessor
    1. define Statement
      1. Program Extendability
      2. Program Portability
      3. More Advanced Types of Definitions
      4. Operator
      5. # Operator
    2. include Statement
      1. System Include Files
    3. Conditional Compilation
      1. ifdef , #endif , #else , and #ifndef Statements
      2. if and #elif Preprocessor Statements
      3. undef Statement
    4. Exercises
  14. More on Data Types
    1. Enumerated Data Types
    2. The typedef Statement
    3. Data Type Conversions
      1. Sign Extension
      2. Argument Conversion
    4. Exercises
  15. Working with Larger Programs
    1. Dividing Your Program into Multiple Files
      1. Compiling Multiple Source Files from the Command Line
    2. Communication Between Modules
      1. External Variables
      2. Static Versus Extern Variables and Functions
      3. Using Header Files Effectively
    3. Other Utilities for Working with Larger Programs
      1. The make Utility
      2. The cvs Utility
      3. ar , grep , sed , and so on
  16. Input and Output Operations in C
    1. getchar and putchar
    2. printf and scanf
      1. The printf Function
      2. The scanf Function
    3. Input and Output Operations with Files
      1. Redirecting I/O to a File
      2. End of File
    4. Special Functions for Working with Files
      1. The fopen Function
      2. The getc and putc Functions
      3. The fclose Function
      4. The feof Function
      5. The fprintf and fscanf Functions
      6. The fgets and fputs Functions
      7. stdin , stdout , and stderr
      8. The exit Function
      9. Renaming and Removing Files
    5. Exercises
  17. Miscellaneous and Advanced Features
    1. Miscellaneous Language Statements
      1. The goto Statement
      2. The null Statement
    2. Working with Unions
    3. The Comma Operator
    4. Type Qualifiers
      1. The register Qualifier
      2. The volatile Qualifier
      3. The restrict Qualifier
    5. Command-Line Arguments
    6. Dynamic Memory Allocation
      1. The calloc and malloc Functions
      2. The sizeof Operator
      3. The free Function
  18. Debugging Programs
    1. Debugging with the Preprocessor
    2. Debugging Programs with gdb
      1. Working with Variables
      2. Source File Display
      3. Controlling Program Execution
      4. Getting a Stack Trace
      5. Calling Functions and Setting Arrays and Structures
      6. Getting Help with gdb Commands
      7. Odds and Ends
  19. Object-Oriented Programming
    1. What Is an Object Anyway
    2. Instances and Methods
    3. Writing a C Program to Work with Fractions
    4. Defining an Objective-C Class to Work with Fractions
    5. Defining a C++ Class to Work with Fractions
    6. Class to Work with Fractions

annexes

  1. C Language Summary
    1. Digraphs and Identifiers
      1. Digraph Characters
      2. Identifiers
    2. Comments
    3. Constants
      1. Integer Constants
      2. Floating-Point Constants
      3. Character Constants
      4. Character String Constants
      5. Enumeration Constants
    4. Data Types and Declarations
      1. Declarations
      2. Basic Data Types
      3. Derived Data Types
      4. Enumerated Data Types
      5. The typedef Statement
      6. Type Modifiers const , volatile , and restrict
    5. Expressions
      1. Summary of C Operators
      2. Constant Expressions
      3. Arithmetic Operators
      4. Logical Operators
      5. Relational Operators
      6. Bitwise Operators
      7. Increment and Decrement Operators
      8. Assignment Operators
      9. Conditional Operators
      10. Type Cast Operator
      11. sizeof Operator
      12. Comma Operator
      13. Basic Operations with Arrays
      14. Basic Operations with Structures
      15. Basic Operations with Pointers
      16. Compound Literals
      17. Conversion of Basic Data Types
    6. Storage Classes and Scope
      1. Functions
      2. Variables
    7. Functions
      1. Function Definition
      2. Function Call
      3. Function Pointers
    8. Statements
      1. Compound Statements
      2. The break Statement
      3. The continue Statement
      4. The do Statement
      5. The for Statement
      6. The goto Statement
      7. The if Statement
      8. The null Statement
      9. The return Statement
      10. The switch Statement
      11. The while Statement
    9. The Preprocessor
      1. Trigraph Sequences
      2. Preprocessor Directives
      3. Predefined Identifiers
  2. The Standard C Library
    1. Standard Header Files
      1. <stddef.h>
      2. <limits.h>
      3. <stdbool.h>
      4. <float.h>
      5. <stdint.h>
    2. String Functions
    3. Memory Functions
    4. Character Functions
    5. I/O Functions
    6. In-Memory Format Conversion Functions
    7. String-to-Number Conversion
    8. Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions
    9. Math Functions
      1. Complex Arithmetic
    10. General Utility Functions
  3. C Compiling Programs with gcc
    1. General Command Format
    2. Command-Line Options
  4. Common Programming Mistakes
  5. Resources